Network Identification and wireless communication are two key concepts in IoT that are interrelated and together form the basis of communication between IoT devices. Network marking ensures that devices can be correctly identified and accessed in the Internet of Things, so that devices can be positioned in space and communicate on the network to realize the interconnection and data transmission of the Internet of Things.

Network Identification

Network Identification is an identifier used to uniquely identify each device or object in the Internet of Things. It is similar to a name or address in human society and is important information used to find and identify devices. Common network tags include MAC address (Media Access Control Address) and IP address (Internet Protocol Address). They are not directly used to locate devices, but play an important role in the communication process. Devices use network tags to establish connections and identify other devices for data transmission and interaction in the Internet of Things.

 MAC address

MAC address is a globally unique hardware address, usually assigned by the manufacturer of the device. It is used to uniquely identify devices in a local area network for data packet transmission in local area network technologies such as Ethernet.

 IP address

An IP address is a logical address used to identify a device in a network. It is used by the network layer to locate and find devices on the Internet. IP addresses are divided into two versions, IPv4 and IPv6. Among them, IPv6 is widely used in the Internet of Things because it provides more address space and can meet the needs of connecting a large number of devices.

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ABOUT Wireless communication

Wireless communication is a way of data transmission between devices in the Internet of Things, and the interconnection and information exchange between devices is realized through wireless technology. Wireless communication provides greater flexibility and scalability for the Internet of Things, making devices more convenient for interconnection and data transmission.

In IoT, there are various wireless communication technologies, including but not limited to:

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi technology can realize high-speed wireless communication within the range of a local area network, and is suitable for connecting smartphones, laptops, home devices, etc.

Bluetooth

Bluetooth technology is often used to connect low-power devices, such as smart home devices, fitness trackers, etc.

Zigbee

Zigbee is a low-power, self-organizing network wireless communication technology, mainly used in home automation and industrial applications.

Zigbee mesh vs Blue mesh

LoRaWAN

LoRaWAN is a long-range low-power wide-area network technology for low-power sensor connections over long distances.

NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things)

NB-IoT is a narrowband Internet of Things technology that provides long-distance communication for low-power devices.

GPS and Wi-Fi positioning are often used together to provide more accurate positioning services. For example, GPS may be used to obtain accurate geographic location information when the device is in an outdoor environment. However, in indoor areas or areas with weak GPS signals, Wi-Fi positioning can be relied upon to obtain approximate location information. In this way, better positioning effects can be obtained in different environments. The two technologies of GPS and Wi-Fi are described in detail below.


GPS technology

GPS overview

GPS is a new generation of space satellite navigation and positioning system jointly developed by the US Army, Navy and Air Force. It aims to provide real-time, all-weather and global navigation services for the three major fields of land, sea and air, and is used for intelligence collection, nuclear explosion monitoring and emergency communications. Wait for some military purposes. It is an important part of the US global strategy.

GPS components

GPS is a kind of system, it has three parts, space satellite, ground monitoring equipment and user equipment (GPS receiver). Each of them has its own functions and functions, but they are combined together to form a whole, which is indispensable, as shown in Figure 1-1a.

The space satellite part consists of 24 satellites, of which 21 are working satellites and 3 are spare satellites. They are distributed in 6 orbits, so that more than 4 satellites can be seen anywhere on the earth at any time, and can provide continuous navigation and positioning capabilities. This distribution also maintains good positioning solution accuracy geometry.

This device is responsible for monitoring GPS. It has 1 master control station, 3 injection stations and 5 monitoring stations. The main control station is at the Colorado Air Force Base in the United States. It collects the tracking data from the monitoring station, calculates the satellite orbit and clock difference parameters, and then sends these data to the injection station. At the same time, it will also diagnose the working status of the satellite and perform scheduling. The main function of the injection station is to inject the satellite ephemeris and clock information sent by the master control station into the satellite. The function of the monitoring station is to conduct continuous P code pseudo-range tracking measurement on the received satellites, and transmit the observation results to the main control station.

The user's equipment is mainly composed of various GPS receivers, which are used to receive, track, transform and measure GPS signals. According to the working principle, it can be divided into code correlation type, quadratic type, hybrid type, and interference type receiver; according to the application, it can be divided into navigation type, geodetic type, and timing type receiver; according to the carrier frequency, it can be divided into single type Frequency and dual-frequency receivers; according to the number of receiving channels, they can be divided into multi-channel, sequential channel, and multi-channel multi-channel receivers. For users who study the movement of crustal plates, dual-frequency multi-channel hybrid geodesic receivers are usually used. The interface of the user's navigation device is shown in Figure 1-1b.

GPS features

GPS is a thing that can be used for positioning. It has many characteristics, such as high accuracy, can be used in any weather, high efficiency, many functions, and easy operation, so it is widely used.

The relative positioning accuracy of GPS has been proved in practice, and it can reach 10-6 within 50km, 10-7 within 100-500km, and 10-9 within 1000km. In the precise positioning of 300-1500m engineering, the plane position error observed for more than 1 hour is less than 1mm. Compared with the side length measured by the ME-5000 electromagnetic wave rangefinder, the side length correction error is 0.5mm at most, and the error in the correction is 0.3 mm.

At present, for relative static positioning within 20km, the observation time is only 15-20 minutes; for fast static relative positioning measurement, when the distance between each rover and the reference station is within 15km, the observation time of the rover only needs 1-2 minutes, and then Positioning at any time, each station observation only takes a few seconds.

GPS application

GPS is useful for navigation, tracking and surveying. The most commonly used method is to use GPS to locate and navigate. Nowadays, moving objects such as cars, boats and planes are basically equipped with GPS, and its interface is also the image we are most familiar with.

It can be applied in many ways! For example, it can be used for ocean navigation and port diversion of ships, and can also be used for route guidance and approach and landing of aircraft. Not only that, it can also help cars achieve autonomous navigation and positioning, and can also be used in ground vehicle tracking and urban intelligent traffic management. In terms of safety, it can also be used for emergency rescue work in police, fire and medical departments, and can also help track targets and provide guidance during wild adventures.

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Original New Simcom Wireless Module Multi-mode GSM/GPRS+GPS Chip Datasheet Module                    

[Protocol]：NMEA0183 V4.1 and previous version，max updating frequency is 10Hz

[Certification]：Pending

[Package]：Half hole（SMT）

[Introduction]：E108-GN01 is a highly integrated, low-power, low-cost multi-mode satellite positioning and navigation chip. It can be used for GNSS positioning applications such as car navigation, smart wearable, and drone. It also provides software and hardware interfaces compatible with other module manufacturers,which greatly reduces the user's development cycle

GPS has unique advantages in daily life and military field. In daily life, GPS can be used for alarming when the person is in danger of being attacked, monitoring and rescue of special patients, children and teenagers, and seeking help when encountering various difficulties in life. In the military field, GPS has become an important technical means, from providing all-weather, continuous real-time, high-accuracy positioning and navigation for warships, aircraft, tanks, ground combatants, etc., to the complex guidance of accurate guided weapons.

GPS technology has been widely used in the military field. It not only provides all-weather, continuous real-time, and high-accuracy positioning and navigation services for warships, aircraft, tanks, and ground combatants, but also plays an important role in the compound guidance of accurate guided weapons. .

GPS outlook

Because of its all-weather, high accuracy and automatic measurement characteristics, GPS technology has become an advanced measurement method and new productivity, and is widely used in various fields of national economic construction, national defense construction and social development.

The U.S. government has announced that it will cancel the Select Availability (SA) policy on the premise that U.S. national security will not be threatened. This decision will allow the accuracy of GPS civilian signals to improve globally. The accuracy of single point positioning using C/A code is increased from 100m to 200m. This initiative will further promote the application of GPS technology, improve productivity, operational efficiency, scientific level and people's quality of life, and will also stimulate the growth of the GPS market.

Wi-Fi technology

Wi-Fi overview

WiFi is a wireless networking technology also known as the IEEE 802.11b standard. Its biggest advantage lies in the high transmission speed, which can reach 11Mbit/s. In addition, it has a long effective distance and is compatible with various existing IEEE 802.11 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) equipment.

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[WiFi protocol]：IEEE802.11b/g/n

[Transmission power]：20~24dBm

[MCU main frequency]：580MHz

[Communication distance]： 200m

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Centrino technology is based on the IEEE 802.11a wireless network specification, and its maximum bandwidth can reach 11Mbit/s. In the case of weak signal or interference, the bandwidth can be automatically adjusted to 5.5Mbit/s, 2Mbit/s and 1Mbit/s, which effectively guarantees the stability and reliability of the network.

This product has the characteristics of high speed and reliability, the communication distance in the open area can reach 305m, and the communication distance in the closed area is 76~122m. In addition, this product is also easy to integrate with the existing wired Ethernet, thus reducing the cost of networking.

WiFi wireless network structure

The WiFi wireless network structure mainly includes two types: ad hoc (Ad hoc) and infrastructure (Infrastructure). Among them, the "Adhoc" type is a peer-to-peer network structure. Each computer only needs to be connected to a corresponding wireless network card, or a portable terminal such as a mobile phone with a WiFi module can realize mutual connection and resource sharing, without the need for an intermediate "connection Access Point" (AP).

The "Infrastructure" type is an application mode that integrates wired and wireless LAN architectures. The network structure is similar to the star structure in Ethernet, and the wireless access point acts as an intermediate bridge to realize the sharing of network resources. This application is via an access point.

Wi-Fi features

WiFi technology is a short-range wireless technology, similar to Bluetooth technology, widely used in office and home environments. The frequency band it uses is located near 2.4GHz, which is currently an unlicensed wireless frequency band. Existing standards include IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11b. Due to its unique advantages, WiFi technology is favored by governments and enterprises.

The outstanding advantages of WiFi technology are as follows:

1) The coverage of WiFi is relatively wide, which can reach about 300ft, while the coverage of radio waves based on Bluetooth technology is only about 50ft. However, the new switchboard launched by Vivato can extend the communication distance of WiFi to about 4 miles, and this technological innovation will have a profound impact on wireless communication technology.

2) Although the data security performance of WiFi technology is slightly inferior to that of Bluetooth technology, its transmission speed is very fast, reaching 11Mbit/s, which can meet the needs of personal and social informatization.

3) The threshold for entering the WiFi field is relatively low. You only need to set up "hot spots" in densely populated places to achieve high-speed Internet access without the need for network wiring access, thereby saving a lot of costs.

Wi-Fi app

In the fierce competition in the communication industry, broadband access is the focus of competition among operators. Currently, major operators are starting to build WiFi networks to provide users with broadband access services. Starting from existing resources and combining the advantages of WiFi technology, operators can greatly reduce investment costs and quickly seize the market. Although there are still some problems in the products supporting the IEEE 802.11b standard that have been commercialized in large quantities, such as security issues, roaming issues, and business models that can only support a single data service at present, but focus on interoperability and future development Everyone regards WiFi technology as an effective means to enhance the value of broadband, asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) and LAN users and provide differentiated services, and it is also a powerful supplement for future 3G data services. Currently, WiFi is mainly for individuals, families/enterprises and industry users, providing home/enterprise services, public area/exhibition area services. From the perspective of coverage area, it can be mainly applied to the following areas: areas where the cost of wired resources is too high or where wiring is difficult; places where people move frequently, such as hotels, airports, hospitals, and tea houses; places where people gather, such as campuses, offices, and conference rooms; Exhibition halls, gymnasiums, news centers and other places where there is a large demand for information.

The evolution of WiFi technology

At present, the commercial use of WiFi technology is facing various challenges. On the one hand, the roaming, security and billing issues of WiFi technology itself have not been properly resolved; on the other hand, the lack of commercial users will make the investment income of network construction relatively low, which affects the enthusiasm of telecom operators. Therefore, only when various access means complement each other can they bring economy, reliability and effectiveness. In a specific area and range, the combination of WiFi technology and 3G technology will have broad development prospects.